shadeoutput.c

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/*
 * ***** BEGIN GPL LICENSE BLOCK *****
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 *
 * The Original Code is Copyright (C) 2006 Blender Foundation
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Contributors: Hos, Robert Wenzlaff.
 *
 * ***** END GPL LICENSE BLOCK *****
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "BLI_math.h"
#include "BLI_utildefines.h"

#include "BKE_colortools.h"
#include "BKE_material.h"
#include "BKE_texture.h"


#include "DNA_group_types.h"
#include "DNA_lamp_types.h"
#include "DNA_material_types.h"

/* local include */
#include "occlusion.h"
#include "renderpipeline.h"
#include "render_types.h"
#include "pixelblending.h"
#include "rendercore.h"
#include "shadbuf.h"
#include "sss.h"
#include "texture.h"

#include "shading.h" /* own include */

/* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ */
/* defined in pipeline.c, is hardcopy of active dynamic allocated Render */
/* only to be used here in this file, it's for speed */
extern struct Render R;
/* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ */

ListBase *get_lights(ShadeInput *shi)
{
    
    if(R.r.scemode & R_PREVIEWBUTS)
        return &R.lights;
    if(shi->light_override)
        return &shi->light_override->gobject;
    if(shi->mat && shi->mat->group)
        return &shi->mat->group->gobject;
    
    return &R.lights;
}

#if 0
static void fogcolor(float *colf, float *rco, float *view)
{
    float alpha, stepsize, startdist, dist, hor[4], zen[3], vec[3], dview[3];
    float div=0.0f, distfac;
    
    hor[0]= R.wrld.horr; hor[1]= R.wrld.horg; hor[2]= R.wrld.horb;
    zen[0]= R.wrld.zenr; zen[1]= R.wrld.zeng; zen[2]= R.wrld.zenb;
    
    copy_v3_v3(vec, rco);
    
    /* we loop from cur coord to mist start in steps */
    stepsize= 1.0f;
    
    div= ABS(view[2]);
    dview[0]= view[0]/(stepsize*div);
    dview[1]= view[1]/(stepsize*div);
    dview[2]= -stepsize;

    startdist= -rco[2] + BLI_frand();
    for(dist= startdist; dist>R.wrld.miststa; dist-= stepsize) {
        
        hor[0]= R.wrld.horr; hor[1]= R.wrld.horg; hor[2]= R.wrld.horb;
        alpha= 1.0f;
        do_sky_tex(vec, vec, NULL, hor, zen, &alpha);
        
        distfac= (dist-R.wrld.miststa)/R.wrld.mistdist;
        
        hor[3]= hor[0]*distfac*distfac;
        
        /* premul! */
        alpha= hor[3];
        hor[0]= hor[0]*alpha;
        hor[1]= hor[1]*alpha;
        hor[2]= hor[2]*alpha;
        addAlphaOverFloat(colf, hor);
        
        VECSUB(vec, vec, dview);
    }   
}
#endif

/* zcor is distance, co the 3d coordinate in eye space, return alpha */
float mistfactor(float zcor, float const co[3])
{
    float fac, hi;
    
    fac= zcor - R.wrld.miststa; /* zcor is calculated per pixel */

    /* fac= -co[2]-R.wrld.miststa; */

    if(fac>0.0f) {
        if(fac< R.wrld.mistdist) {
            
            fac= (fac/(R.wrld.mistdist));
            
            if(R.wrld.mistype==0) fac*= fac;
            else if(R.wrld.mistype==1);
            else fac= sqrt(fac);
        }
        else fac= 1.0f;
    }
    else fac= 0.0f;
    
    /* height switched off mist */
    if(R.wrld.misthi!=0.0f && fac!=0.0f) {
        /* at height misthi the mist is completely gone */

        hi= R.viewinv[0][2]*co[0]+R.viewinv[1][2]*co[1]+R.viewinv[2][2]*co[2]+R.viewinv[3][2];
        
        if(hi>R.wrld.misthi) fac= 0.0f;
        else if(hi>0.0f) {
            hi= (R.wrld.misthi-hi)/R.wrld.misthi;
            fac*= hi*hi;
        }
    }

    return (1.0f-fac)* (1.0f-R.wrld.misi);  
}

static void spothalo(struct LampRen *lar, ShadeInput *shi, float *intens)
{
    double a, b, c, disc, nray[3], npos[3];
    double t0, t1 = 0.0f, t2= 0.0f, t3;
    float p1[3], p2[3], ladist, maxz = 0.0f, maxy = 0.0f, haint;
    int snijp, doclip=1, use_yco=0;

    *intens= 0.0f;
    haint= lar->haint;
    
    if(R.r.mode & R_ORTHO) {
        /* camera pos (view vector) cannot be used... */
        /* camera position (cox,coy,0) rotate around lamp */
        p1[0]= shi->co[0]-lar->co[0];
        p1[1]= shi->co[1]-lar->co[1];
        p1[2]= -lar->co[2];
        mul_m3_v3(lar->imat, p1);
        VECCOPY(npos, p1);  // npos is double!
        
        /* pre-scale */
        npos[2] *= (double)lar->sh_zfac;
    }
    else {
        VECCOPY(npos, lar->sh_invcampos);   /* in initlamp calculated */
    }
    
    /* rotate view */
    VECCOPY(nray, shi->view);
    mul_m3_v3_double(lar->imat, nray);
    
    if(R.wrld.mode & WO_MIST) {
        /* patchy... */
        haint *= mistfactor(-lar->co[2], lar->co);
        if(haint==0.0f) {
            return;
        }
    }


    /* rotate maxz */
    if(shi->co[2]==0.0f) doclip= 0; /* for when halo at sky */
    else {
        p1[0]= shi->co[0]-lar->co[0];
        p1[1]= shi->co[1]-lar->co[1];
        p1[2]= shi->co[2]-lar->co[2];
    
        maxz= lar->imat[0][2]*p1[0]+lar->imat[1][2]*p1[1]+lar->imat[2][2]*p1[2];
        maxz*= lar->sh_zfac;
        maxy= lar->imat[0][1]*p1[0]+lar->imat[1][1]*p1[1]+lar->imat[2][1]*p1[2];

        if( fabsf(nray[2]) < FLT_EPSILON ) use_yco= 1;
    }
    
    /* scale z to make sure volume is normalized */ 
    nray[2] *= (double)lar->sh_zfac;
    /* nray does not need normalization */
    
    ladist= lar->sh_zfac*lar->dist;
    
    /* solve */
    a = nray[0] * nray[0] + nray[1] * nray[1] - nray[2]*nray[2];
    b = nray[0] * npos[0] + nray[1] * npos[1] - nray[2]*npos[2];
    c = npos[0] * npos[0] + npos[1] * npos[1] - npos[2]*npos[2];

    snijp= 0;
    if (fabs(a) < DBL_EPSILON) {
        /*
         * Only one intersection point...
         */
        return;
    }
    else {
        disc = b*b - a*c;
        
        if(disc==0.0) {
            t1=t2= (-b)/ a;
            snijp= 2;
        }
        else if (disc > 0.0) {
            disc = sqrt(disc);
            t1 = (-b + disc) / a;
            t2 = (-b - disc) / a;
            snijp= 2;
        }
    }
    if(snijp==2) {
        int ok1=0, ok2=0;

        /* sort */
        if(t1>t2) {
            a= t1; t1= t2; t2= a;
        }

        /* z of intersection points with diabolo */
        p1[2]= npos[2] + t1*nray[2];
        p2[2]= npos[2] + t2*nray[2];

        /* evaluate both points */
        if(p1[2]<=0.0f) ok1= 1;
        if(p2[2]<=0.0f && t1!=t2) ok2= 1;
        
        /* at least 1 point with negative z */
        if(ok1==0 && ok2==0) return;
        
        /* intersction point with -ladist, the bottom of the cone */
        if(use_yco==0) {
            t3= ((double)(-ladist)-npos[2])/nray[2];
                
            /* de we have to replace one of the intersection points? */
            if(ok1) {
                if(p1[2]<-ladist) t1= t3;
            }
            else {
                t1= t3;
            }
            if(ok2) {
                if(p2[2]<-ladist) t2= t3;
            }
            else {
                t2= t3;
            }
        }
        else if(ok1==0 || ok2==0) return;
        
        /* at least 1 visible interesction point */
        if(t1<0.0 && t2<0.0) return;
        
        if(t1<0.0) t1= 0.0;
        if(t2<0.0) t2= 0.0;
        
        if(t1==t2) return;
        
        /* sort again to be sure */
        if(t1>t2) {
            a= t1; t1= t2; t2= a;
        }
        
        /* calculate t0: is the maximum visible z (when halo is intersected by face) */ 
        if(doclip) {
            if(use_yco==0) t0= (maxz-npos[2])/nray[2];
            else t0= (maxy-npos[1])/nray[1];

            if(t0<t1) return;
            if(t0<t2) t2= t0;
        }

        /* calc points */
        p1[0]= npos[0] + t1*nray[0];
        p1[1]= npos[1] + t1*nray[1];
        p1[2]= npos[2] + t1*nray[2];
        p2[0]= npos[0] + t2*nray[0];
        p2[1]= npos[1] + t2*nray[1];
        p2[2]= npos[2] + t2*nray[2];
        
            
        /* now we have 2 points, make three lengths with it */
        
        a= sqrt(p1[0]*p1[0]+p1[1]*p1[1]+p1[2]*p1[2]);
        b= sqrt(p2[0]*p2[0]+p2[1]*p2[1]+p2[2]*p2[2]);
        c= len_v3v3(p1, p2);
        
        a/= ladist;
        a= sqrt(a);
        b/= ladist; 
        b= sqrt(b);
        c/= ladist;
        
        *intens= c*( (1.0-a)+(1.0-b) );

        /* WATCH IT: do not clip a,b en c at 1.0, this gives nasty little overflows
            at the edges (especially with narrow halos) */
        if(*intens<=0.0f) return;

        /* soft area */
        /* not needed because t0 has been used for p1/p2 as well */
        /* if(doclip && t0<t2) { */
        /*  *intens *= (t0-t1)/(t2-t1); */
        /* } */
        
        *intens *= haint;
        
        if(lar->shb && lar->shb->shadhalostep) {
            *intens *= shadow_halo(lar, p1, p2);
        }
        
    }
}

void renderspothalo(ShadeInput *shi, float col[4], float alpha)
{
    ListBase *lights;
    GroupObject *go;
    LampRen *lar;
    float i;
    
    if(alpha==0.0f) return;
    
    lights= get_lights(shi);
    for(go=lights->first; go; go= go->next) {
        lar= go->lampren;
        if(lar==NULL) continue;
        
        if(lar->type==LA_SPOT && (lar->mode & LA_HALO) && (lar->buftype != LA_SHADBUF_DEEP) && lar->haint>0) {
            
            if(lar->mode & LA_LAYER) 
                if(shi->vlr && (lar->lay & shi->obi->lay)==0) 
                    continue;
            if((lar->lay & shi->lay)==0) 
                continue;
            
            spothalo(lar, shi, &i);
            if(i>0.0f) {
                col[3]+= i*alpha;           // all premul
                col[0]+= i*lar->r*alpha;
                col[1]+= i*lar->g*alpha;
                col[2]+= i*lar->b*alpha;    
            }
        }
    }
    /* clip alpha, is needed for unified 'alpha threshold' (vanillaRenderPipe.c) */
    if(col[3]>1.0f) col[3]= 1.0f;
}



/* ---------------- shaders ----------------------- */

static double Normalize_d(double *n)
{
    double d;
    
    d= n[0]*n[0]+n[1]*n[1]+n[2]*n[2];

    if(d>0.00000000000000001) {
        d= sqrt(d);

        n[0]/=d; 
        n[1]/=d; 
        n[2]/=d;
    } else {
        n[0]=n[1]=n[2]= 0.0;
        d= 0.0;
    }
    return d;
}

/* mix of 'real' fresnel and allowing control. grad defines blending gradient */
float fresnel_fac(float *view, float *vn, float grad, float fac)
{
    float t1, t2;
    
    if(fac==0.0f) return 1.0f;
    
    t1= (view[0]*vn[0] + view[1]*vn[1] + view[2]*vn[2]);
    if(t1>0.0f)  t2= 1.0f+t1;
    else t2= 1.0f-t1;
    
    t2= grad + (1.0f-grad)*powf(t2, fac);
    
    if(t2<0.0f) return 0.0f;
    else if(t2>1.0f) return 1.0f;
    return t2;
}

static double saacos_d(double fac)
{
    if(fac<= -1.0) return M_PI;
    else if(fac>=1.0) return 0.0;
    else return acos(fac);
}

/* Stoke's form factor. Need doubles here for extreme small area sizes */
static float area_lamp_energy(float (*area)[3], float *co, float *vn)
{
    double fac;
    double vec[4][3];   /* vectors of rendered co to vertices lamp */
    double cross[4][3]; /* cross products of this */
    double rad[4];      /* angles between vecs */

    VECSUB(vec[0], co, area[0]);
    VECSUB(vec[1], co, area[1]);
    VECSUB(vec[2], co, area[2]);
    VECSUB(vec[3], co, area[3]);
    
    Normalize_d(vec[0]);
    Normalize_d(vec[1]);
    Normalize_d(vec[2]);
    Normalize_d(vec[3]);

    /* cross product */
    CROSS(cross[0], vec[0], vec[1]);
    CROSS(cross[1], vec[1], vec[2]);
    CROSS(cross[2], vec[2], vec[3]);
    CROSS(cross[3], vec[3], vec[0]);

    Normalize_d(cross[0]);
    Normalize_d(cross[1]);
    Normalize_d(cross[2]);
    Normalize_d(cross[3]);

    /* angles */
    rad[0]= vec[0][0]*vec[1][0]+ vec[0][1]*vec[1][1]+ vec[0][2]*vec[1][2];
    rad[1]= vec[1][0]*vec[2][0]+ vec[1][1]*vec[2][1]+ vec[1][2]*vec[2][2];
    rad[2]= vec[2][0]*vec[3][0]+ vec[2][1]*vec[3][1]+ vec[2][2]*vec[3][2];
    rad[3]= vec[3][0]*vec[0][0]+ vec[3][1]*vec[0][1]+ vec[3][2]*vec[0][2];

    rad[0]= saacos_d(rad[0]);
    rad[1]= saacos_d(rad[1]);
    rad[2]= saacos_d(rad[2]);
    rad[3]= saacos_d(rad[3]);

    /* Stoke formula */
    fac=  rad[0]*(vn[0]*cross[0][0]+ vn[1]*cross[0][1]+ vn[2]*cross[0][2]);
    fac+= rad[1]*(vn[0]*cross[1][0]+ vn[1]*cross[1][1]+ vn[2]*cross[1][2]);
    fac+= rad[2]*(vn[0]*cross[2][0]+ vn[1]*cross[2][1]+ vn[2]*cross[2][2]);
    fac+= rad[3]*(vn[0]*cross[3][0]+ vn[1]*cross[3][1]+ vn[2]*cross[3][2]);

    if(fac<=0.0) return 0.0;
    return fac;
}

static float area_lamp_energy_multisample(LampRen *lar, float *co, float *vn)
{
    /* corner vectors are moved around according lamp jitter */
    float *jitlamp= lar->jitter, vec[3];
    float area[4][3], intens= 0.0f;
    int a= lar->ray_totsamp;

    /* test if co is behind lamp */
    sub_v3_v3v3(vec, co, lar->co);
    if(dot_v3v3(vec, lar->vec) < 0.0f)
        return 0.0f;

    while(a--) {
        vec[0]= jitlamp[0];
        vec[1]= jitlamp[1];
        vec[2]= 0.0f;
        mul_m3_v3(lar->mat, vec);
        
        add_v3_v3v3(area[0], lar->area[0], vec);
        add_v3_v3v3(area[1], lar->area[1], vec);
        add_v3_v3v3(area[2], lar->area[2], vec);
        add_v3_v3v3(area[3], lar->area[3], vec);
        
        intens+= area_lamp_energy(area, co, vn);
        
        jitlamp+= 2;
    }
    intens /= (float)lar->ray_totsamp;
    
    return pow(intens*lar->areasize, lar->k);   // corrected for buttons size and lar->dist^2
}

static float spec(float inp, int hard)  
{
    float b1;
    
    if(inp>=1.0f) return 1.0f;
    else if (inp<=0.0f) return 0.0f;
    
    b1= inp*inp;
    /* avoid FPE */
    if(b1<0.01f) b1= 0.01f; 
    
    if((hard & 1)==0)  inp= 1.0f;
    if(hard & 2)  inp*= b1;
    b1*= b1;
    if(hard & 4)  inp*= b1;
    b1*= b1;
    if(hard & 8)  inp*= b1;
    b1*= b1;
    if(hard & 16) inp*= b1;
    b1*= b1;

    /* avoid FPE */
    if(b1<0.001f) b1= 0.0f; 

    if(hard & 32) inp*= b1;
    b1*= b1;
    if(hard & 64) inp*=b1;
    b1*= b1;
    if(hard & 128) inp*=b1;

    if(b1<0.001f) b1= 0.0f; 

    if(hard & 256) {
        b1*= b1;
        inp*=b1;
    }

    return inp;
}

static float Phong_Spec( float *n, float *l, float *v, int hard, int tangent )
{
    float h[3];
    float rslt;
    
    h[0] = l[0] + v[0];
    h[1] = l[1] + v[1];
    h[2] = l[2] + v[2];
    normalize_v3(h);
    
    rslt = h[0]*n[0] + h[1]*n[1] + h[2]*n[2];
    if(tangent) rslt= sasqrt(1.0f - rslt*rslt);
        
    if( rslt > 0.0f ) rslt= spec(rslt, hard);
    else rslt = 0.0f;
    
    return rslt;
}


/* reduced cook torrance spec (for off-specular peak) */
static float CookTorr_Spec(float *n, float *l, float *v, int hard, int tangent)
{
    float i, nh, nv, h[3];

    h[0]= v[0]+l[0];
    h[1]= v[1]+l[1];
    h[2]= v[2]+l[2];
    normalize_v3(h);

    nh= n[0]*h[0]+n[1]*h[1]+n[2]*h[2];
    if(tangent) nh= sasqrt(1.0f - nh*nh);
    else if(nh<0.0f) return 0.0f;
    
    nv= n[0]*v[0]+n[1]*v[1]+n[2]*v[2];
    if(tangent) nv= sasqrt(1.0f - nv*nv);
    else if(nv<0.0f) nv= 0.0f;

    i= spec(nh, hard);

    i= i/(0.1f+nv);
    return i;
}

/* Blinn spec */
static float Blinn_Spec(float *n, float *l, float *v, float refrac, float spec_power, int tangent)
{
    float i, nh, nv, nl, vh, h[3];
    float a, b, c, g=0.0f, p, f, ang;

    if(refrac < 1.0f) return 0.0f;
    if(spec_power == 0.0f) return 0.0f;
    
    /* conversion from 'hardness' (1-255) to 'spec_power' (50 maps at 0.1) */
    if(spec_power<100.0f)
        spec_power= sqrt(1.0f/spec_power);
    else spec_power= 10.0f/spec_power;
    
    h[0]= v[0]+l[0];
    h[1]= v[1]+l[1];
    h[2]= v[2]+l[2];
    normalize_v3(h);

    nh= n[0]*h[0]+n[1]*h[1]+n[2]*h[2]; /* Dot product between surface normal and half-way vector */
    if(tangent) nh= sasqrt(1.0f - nh*nh);
    else if(nh<0.0f) return 0.0f;

    nv= n[0]*v[0]+n[1]*v[1]+n[2]*v[2]; /* Dot product between surface normal and view vector */
    if(tangent) nv= sasqrt(1.0f - nv*nv);
    if(nv<=0.01f) nv= 0.01f;                /* hrms... */

    nl= n[0]*l[0]+n[1]*l[1]+n[2]*l[2]; /* Dot product between surface normal and light vector */
    if(tangent) nl= sasqrt(1.0f - nl*nl);
    if(nl<=0.01f) {
        return 0.0f;
    }

    vh= v[0]*h[0]+v[1]*h[1]+v[2]*h[2]; /* Dot product between view vector and half-way vector */
    if(vh<=0.0f) vh= 0.01f;

    a = 1.0f;
    b = (2.0f*nh*nv)/vh;
    c = (2.0f*nh*nl)/vh;

    if( a < b && a < c ) g = a;
    else if( b < a && b < c ) g = b;
    else if( c < a && c < b ) g = c;

    p = sqrt( (double)((refrac * refrac)+(vh*vh)-1.0f) );
    f = (((p-vh)*(p-vh))/((p+vh)*(p+vh)))*(1+((((vh*(p+vh))-1.0f)*((vh*(p+vh))-1.0f))/(((vh*(p-vh))+1.0f)*((vh*(p-vh))+1.0f))));
    ang = saacos(nh);

    i= f * g * exp((double)(-(ang*ang) / (2.0f*spec_power*spec_power)));
    if(i<0.0f) i= 0.0f;
    
    return i;
}

/* cartoon render spec */
static float Toon_Spec( float *n, float *l, float *v, float size, float smooth, int tangent)
{
    float h[3];
    float ang;
    float rslt;
    
    h[0] = l[0] + v[0];
    h[1] = l[1] + v[1];
    h[2] = l[2] + v[2];
    normalize_v3(h);
    
    rslt = h[0]*n[0] + h[1]*n[1] + h[2]*n[2];
    if(tangent) rslt = sasqrt(1.0f - rslt*rslt);
    
    ang = saacos( rslt ); 
    
    if( ang < size ) rslt = 1.0f;
    else if( ang >= (size + smooth) || smooth == 0.0f ) rslt = 0.0f;
    else rslt = 1.0f - ((ang - size) / smooth);
    
    return rslt;
}

/* Ward isotropic gaussian spec */
static float WardIso_Spec( float *n, float *l, float *v, float rms, int tangent)
{
    float i, nh, nv, nl, h[3], angle, alpha;


    /* half-way vector */
    h[0] = l[0] + v[0];
    h[1] = l[1] + v[1];
    h[2] = l[2] + v[2];
    normalize_v3(h);

    nh = n[0]*h[0]+n[1]*h[1]+n[2]*h[2]; /* Dot product between surface normal and half-way vector */
    if(tangent) nh = sasqrt(1.0f - nh*nh);
    if(nh<=0.0f) nh = 0.001f;
    
    nv = n[0]*v[0]+n[1]*v[1]+n[2]*v[2]; /* Dot product between surface normal and view vector */
    if(tangent) nv = sasqrt(1.0f - nv*nv);
    if(nv<=0.0f) nv = 0.001f;

    nl = n[0]*l[0]+n[1]*l[1]+n[2]*l[2]; /* Dot product between surface normal and light vector */
    if(tangent) nl = sasqrt(1.0f - nl*nl);
    if(nl<=0.0f) nl = 0.001f;

    angle = tan(saacos(nh));
    alpha = MAX2(rms, 0.001f);

    i= nl * (1.0f/(4.0f*(float)M_PI*alpha*alpha)) * (expf( -(angle*angle)/(alpha*alpha))/(sqrtf(nv*nl)));

    return i;
}

/* cartoon render diffuse */
static float Toon_Diff( float *n, float *l, float *UNUSED(v), float size, float smooth )
{
    float rslt, ang;

    rslt = n[0]*l[0] + n[1]*l[1] + n[2]*l[2];

    ang = saacos( (double)(rslt) );

    if( ang < size ) rslt = 1.0f;
    else if( ang >= (size + smooth) || smooth == 0.0f ) rslt = 0.0f;
    else rslt = 1.0f - ((ang - size) / smooth);

    return rslt;
}

/* Oren Nayar diffuse */

/* 'nl' is either dot product, or return value of area light */
/* in latter case, only last multiplication uses 'nl' */
static float OrenNayar_Diff(float nl, float *n, float *l, float *v, float rough )
{
    float i/*, nh*/, nv /*, vh */, realnl, h[3];
    float a, b, t, A, B;
    float Lit_A, View_A, Lit_B[3], View_B[3];
    
    h[0]= v[0]+l[0];
    h[1]= v[1]+l[1];
    h[2]= v[2]+l[2];
    normalize_v3(h);
    
    /* nh= n[0]*h[0]+n[1]*h[1]+n[2]*h[2]; */ /* Dot product between surface normal and half-way vector */
    /* if(nh<0.0f) nh = 0.0f; */
    
    nv= n[0]*v[0]+n[1]*v[1]+n[2]*v[2]; /* Dot product between surface normal and view vector */
    if(nv<=0.0f) nv= 0.0f;
    
    realnl= n[0]*l[0]+n[1]*l[1]+n[2]*l[2]; /* Dot product between surface normal and light vector */
    if(realnl<=0.0f) return 0.0f;
    if(nl<0.0f) return 0.0f;        /* value from area light */
    
    /* vh= v[0]*h[0]+v[1]*h[1]+v[2]*h[2]; */ /* Dot product between view vector and halfway vector */
    /* if(vh<=0.0f) vh= 0.0f; */
    
    Lit_A = saacos(realnl);
    View_A = saacos( nv );
    
    Lit_B[0] = l[0] - (realnl * n[0]);
    Lit_B[1] = l[1] - (realnl * n[1]);
    Lit_B[2] = l[2] - (realnl * n[2]);
    normalize_v3( Lit_B );
    
    View_B[0] = v[0] - (nv * n[0]);
    View_B[1] = v[1] - (nv * n[1]);
    View_B[2] = v[2] - (nv * n[2]);
    normalize_v3( View_B );
    
    t = Lit_B[0]*View_B[0] + Lit_B[1]*View_B[1] + Lit_B[2]*View_B[2];
    if( t < 0 ) t = 0;
    
    if( Lit_A > View_A ) {
        a = Lit_A;
        b = View_A;
    }
    else {
        a = View_A;
        b = Lit_A;
    }
    
    A = 1.0f - (0.5f * ((rough * rough) / ((rough * rough) + 0.33f)));
    B = 0.45f * ((rough * rough) / ((rough * rough) + 0.09f));
    
    b*= 0.95f;  /* prevent tangens from shooting to inf, 'nl' can be not a dot product here. */
                /* overflow only happens with extreme size area light, and higher roughness */
    i = nl * ( A + ( B * t * sinf(a) * tanf(b) ) );
    
    return i;
}

/* Minnaert diffuse */
static float Minnaert_Diff(float nl, float *n, float *v, float darkness)
{

    float i, nv;

    /* nl = dot product between surface normal and light vector */
    if (nl <= 0.0f)
        return 0.0f;

    /* nv = dot product between surface normal and view vector */
    nv = n[0]*v[0]+n[1]*v[1]+n[2]*v[2];
    if (nv < 0.0f)
        nv = 0.0f;

    if (darkness <= 1.0f)
        i = nl * pow(MAX2(nv*nl, 0.1f), (darkness - 1.0f) ); /*The Real model*/
    else
        i = nl * pow( (1.001f - nv), (darkness  - 1.0f) ); /*Nvidia model*/

    return i;
}

static float Fresnel_Diff(float *vn, float *lv, float *UNUSED(view), float fac_i, float fac)
{
    return fresnel_fac(lv, vn, fac_i, fac);
}

/* --------------------------------------------- */
/* also called from texture.c */
void calc_R_ref(ShadeInput *shi)
{
    float i;

    /* shi->vn dot shi->view */
    i= -2*(shi->vn[0]*shi->view[0]+shi->vn[1]*shi->view[1]+shi->vn[2]*shi->view[2]);

    shi->ref[0]= (shi->view[0]+i*shi->vn[0]);
    shi->ref[1]= (shi->view[1]+i*shi->vn[1]);
    shi->ref[2]= (shi->view[2]+i*shi->vn[2]);
    if(shi->osatex) {
        if(shi->vlr->flag & R_SMOOTH) {
            i= -2*( (shi->vn[0]+shi->dxno[0])*(shi->view[0]+shi->dxview) +
                (shi->vn[1]+shi->dxno[1])*shi->view[1]+ (shi->vn[2]+shi->dxno[2])*shi->view[2] );

            shi->dxref[0]= shi->ref[0]- ( shi->view[0]+shi->dxview+i*(shi->vn[0]+shi->dxno[0]));
            shi->dxref[1]= shi->ref[1]- (shi->view[1]+ i*(shi->vn[1]+shi->dxno[1]));
            shi->dxref[2]= shi->ref[2]- (shi->view[2]+ i*(shi->vn[2]+shi->dxno[2]));

            i= -2*( (shi->vn[0]+shi->dyno[0])*shi->view[0]+
                (shi->vn[1]+shi->dyno[1])*(shi->view[1]+shi->dyview)+ (shi->vn[2]+shi->dyno[2])*shi->view[2] );

            shi->dyref[0]= shi->ref[0]- (shi->view[0]+ i*(shi->vn[0]+shi->dyno[0]));
            shi->dyref[1]= shi->ref[1]- (shi->view[1]+shi->dyview+i*(shi->vn[1]+shi->dyno[1]));
            shi->dyref[2]= shi->ref[2]- (shi->view[2]+ i*(shi->vn[2]+shi->dyno[2]));

        }
        else {

            i= -2*( shi->vn[0]*(shi->view[0]+shi->dxview) +
                shi->vn[1]*shi->view[1]+ shi->vn[2]*shi->view[2] );

            shi->dxref[0]= shi->ref[0]- (shi->view[0]+shi->dxview+i*shi->vn[0]);
            shi->dxref[1]= shi->ref[1]- (shi->view[1]+ i*shi->vn[1]);
            shi->dxref[2]= shi->ref[2]- (shi->view[2]+ i*shi->vn[2]);

            i= -2*( shi->vn[0]*shi->view[0]+
                shi->vn[1]*(shi->view[1]+shi->dyview)+ shi->vn[2]*shi->view[2] );

            shi->dyref[0]= shi->ref[0]- (shi->view[0]+ i*shi->vn[0]);
            shi->dyref[1]= shi->ref[1]- (shi->view[1]+shi->dyview+i*shi->vn[1]);
            shi->dyref[2]= shi->ref[2]- (shi->view[2]+ i*shi->vn[2]);
        }
    }

}

/* called from ray.c */
void shade_color(ShadeInput *shi, ShadeResult *shr)
{
    Material *ma= shi->mat;

    if(ma->mode & (MA_FACETEXTURE)) {
        shi->r= shi->vcol[0];
        shi->g= shi->vcol[1];
        shi->b= shi->vcol[2];
        if(ma->mode & (MA_FACETEXTURE_ALPHA))
            shi->alpha= shi->vcol[3];
    }
    else if(ma->mode & (MA_VERTEXCOLP)) {
        float neg_alpha = 1.0f - shi->vcol[3];
        shi->r= shi->r*neg_alpha + shi->vcol[0]*shi->vcol[3];
        shi->g= shi->g*neg_alpha + shi->vcol[1]*shi->vcol[3];
        shi->b= shi->b*neg_alpha + shi->vcol[2]*shi->vcol[3];
    }
    
    if(ma->texco)
        do_material_tex(shi, &R);

    if(ma->fresnel_tra!=0.0f) 
        shi->alpha*= fresnel_fac(shi->view, shi->vn, ma->fresnel_tra_i, ma->fresnel_tra);
    
    if (!(shi->mode & MA_TRANSP)) shi->alpha= 1.0f;
    
    shr->diff[0]= shi->r;
    shr->diff[1]= shi->g;
    shr->diff[2]= shi->b;
    shr->alpha= shi->alpha;
}

/* ramp for at end of shade */
static void ramp_diffuse_result(float *diff, ShadeInput *shi)
{
    Material *ma= shi->mat;
    float col[4];

    if(ma->ramp_col) {
        if(ma->rampin_col==MA_RAMP_IN_RESULT) {
            float fac = rgb_to_grayscale(diff);
            do_colorband(ma->ramp_col, fac, col);
            
            /* blending method */
            fac= col[3]*ma->rampfac_col;
            
            ramp_blend(ma->rampblend_col, diff, fac, col);
        }
    }
}

/* r,g,b denote energy, ramp is used with different values to make new material color */
static void add_to_diffuse(float *diff, ShadeInput *shi, float is, float r, float g, float b)
{
    Material *ma= shi->mat;

    if(ma->ramp_col && (ma->mode & MA_RAMP_COL)) {
        
        /* MA_RAMP_IN_RESULT is exceptional */
        if(ma->rampin_col==MA_RAMP_IN_RESULT) {
            // normal add
            diff[0] += r * shi->r;
            diff[1] += g * shi->g;
            diff[2] += b * shi->b;
        }
        else {
            float colt[3], col[4];
            float fac;

            /* input */
            switch(ma->rampin_col) {
            case MA_RAMP_IN_ENERGY:
                /* should use 'rgb_to_grayscale' but we only have a vector version */
                fac= 0.3f*r + 0.58f*g + 0.12f*b;
                break;
            case MA_RAMP_IN_SHADER:
                fac= is;
                break;
            case MA_RAMP_IN_NOR:
                fac= shi->view[0]*shi->vn[0] + shi->view[1]*shi->vn[1] + shi->view[2]*shi->vn[2];
                break;
            default:
                fac= 0.0f;
                break;
            }
    
            do_colorband(ma->ramp_col, fac, col);
            
            /* blending method */
            fac= col[3]*ma->rampfac_col;
            colt[0]= shi->r;
            colt[1]= shi->g;
            colt[2]= shi->b;

            ramp_blend(ma->rampblend_col, colt, fac, col);

            /* output to */
            diff[0] += r * colt[0];
            diff[1] += g * colt[1];
            diff[2] += b * colt[2];
        }
    }
    else {
        diff[0] += r * shi->r;
        diff[1] += g * shi->g;
        diff[2] += b * shi->b;
    }
}

static void ramp_spec_result(float spec_col[3], ShadeInput *shi)
{
    Material *ma= shi->mat;

    if(ma->ramp_spec && (ma->rampin_spec==MA_RAMP_IN_RESULT)) {
        float col[4];
        float fac = rgb_to_grayscale(spec_col);

        do_colorband(ma->ramp_spec, fac, col);
        
        /* blending method */
        fac= col[3]*ma->rampfac_spec;
        
        ramp_blend(ma->rampblend_spec, spec_col, fac, col);
        
    }
}

/* is = dot product shade, t = spec energy */
static void do_specular_ramp(ShadeInput *shi, float is, float t, float spec[3])
{
    Material *ma= shi->mat;

    spec[0]= shi->specr;
    spec[1]= shi->specg;
    spec[2]= shi->specb;

    /* MA_RAMP_IN_RESULT is exception */
    if(ma->ramp_spec && (ma->rampin_spec!=MA_RAMP_IN_RESULT)) {
        float fac;
        float col[4];

        /* input */
        switch(ma->rampin_spec) {
        case MA_RAMP_IN_ENERGY:
            fac= t;
            break;
        case MA_RAMP_IN_SHADER:
            fac= is;
            break;
        case MA_RAMP_IN_NOR:
            fac= shi->view[0]*shi->vn[0] + shi->view[1]*shi->vn[1] + shi->view[2]*shi->vn[2];
            break;
        default:
            fac= 0.0f;
            break;
        }
        
        do_colorband(ma->ramp_spec, fac, col);
        
        /* blending method */
        fac= col[3]*ma->rampfac_spec;
        
        ramp_blend(ma->rampblend_spec, spec, fac, col);
    }
}

/* pure AO, check for raytrace and world should have been done */
/* preprocess, textures were not done, don't use shi->amb for that reason */
void ambient_occlusion(ShadeInput *shi)
{
    if((R.wrld.ao_gather_method == WO_AOGATHER_APPROX) && shi->mat->amb!=0.0f)
        sample_occ(&R, shi);
    else if((R.r.mode & R_RAYTRACE) && shi->mat->amb!=0.0f)
        ray_ao(shi, shi->ao, shi->env);
    else
        shi->ao[0]= shi->ao[1]= shi->ao[2]= 1.0f;
}


/* wrld mode was checked for */
static void ambient_occlusion_apply(ShadeInput *shi, ShadeResult *shr)
{
    float f= R.wrld.aoenergy;
    float tmp[3], tmpspec[3];

    if(!((R.r.mode & R_RAYTRACE) || R.wrld.ao_gather_method == WO_AOGATHER_APPROX))
        return;
    if(f == 0.0f)
        return;

    if(R.wrld.aomix==WO_AOADD) {
        shr->combined[0] += shi->ao[0]*shi->r*shi->refl*f;
        shr->combined[1] += shi->ao[1]*shi->g*shi->refl*f;
        shr->combined[2] += shi->ao[2]*shi->b*shi->refl*f;
    }
    else if(R.wrld.aomix==WO_AOMUL) {
        mul_v3_v3v3(tmp, shr->combined, shi->ao);
        mul_v3_v3v3(tmpspec, shr->spec, shi->ao);

        if(f == 1.0f) {
            copy_v3_v3(shr->combined, tmp);
            copy_v3_v3(shr->spec, tmpspec);
        }
        else {
            interp_v3_v3v3(shr->combined, shr->combined, tmp, f);
            interp_v3_v3v3(shr->spec, shr->spec, tmpspec, f);
        }
    }
}

void environment_lighting_apply(ShadeInput *shi, ShadeResult *shr)
{
    float f= R.wrld.ao_env_energy*shi->amb;

    if(!((R.r.mode & R_RAYTRACE) || R.wrld.ao_gather_method == WO_AOGATHER_APPROX))
        return;
    if(f == 0.0f)
        return;
    
    shr->combined[0] += shi->env[0]*shi->r*shi->refl*f;
    shr->combined[1] += shi->env[1]*shi->g*shi->refl*f;
    shr->combined[2] += shi->env[2]*shi->b*shi->refl*f;
}

static void indirect_lighting_apply(ShadeInput *shi, ShadeResult *shr)
{
    float f= R.wrld.ao_indirect_energy;

    if(!((R.r.mode & R_RAYTRACE) || R.wrld.ao_gather_method == WO_AOGATHER_APPROX))
        return;
    if(f == 0.0f)
        return;

    shr->combined[0] += shi->indirect[0]*shi->r*shi->refl*f;
    shr->combined[1] += shi->indirect[1]*shi->g*shi->refl*f;
    shr->combined[2] += shi->indirect[2]*shi->b*shi->refl*f;
}

/* result written in shadfac */
void lamp_get_shadow(LampRen *lar, ShadeInput *shi, float inp, float shadfac[4], int do_real)
{
    LampShadowSubSample *lss= &(lar->shadsamp[shi->thread].s[shi->sample]);
    
    if(do_real || lss->samplenr!=shi->samplenr) {
        
        shadfac[0]= shadfac[1]= shadfac[2]= shadfac[3]= 1.0f;
        
        if(lar->shb) {
            if(lar->buftype==LA_SHADBUF_IRREGULAR)
                shadfac[3]= ISB_getshadow(shi, lar->shb);
            else
                shadfac[3] = testshadowbuf(&R, lar->shb, shi->co, shi->dxco, shi->dyco, inp, shi->mat->lbias);
        }
        else if(lar->mode & LA_SHAD_RAY) {
            ray_shadow(shi, lar, shadfac);
        }
        
        if(shi->depth==0) {
            copy_v4_v4(lss->shadfac, shadfac);
            lss->samplenr= shi->samplenr;
        }
    }
    else {
        copy_v4_v4(shadfac, lss->shadfac);
    }
}

/* lampdistance and spot angle, writes in lv and dist */
float lamp_get_visibility(LampRen *lar, const float co[3], float lv[3], float *dist)
{
    if(lar->type==LA_SUN || lar->type==LA_HEMI) {
        *dist= 1.0f;
        copy_v3_v3(lv, lar->vec);
        return 1.0f;
    }
    else {
        float visifac= 1.0f, t;
        
        sub_v3_v3v3(lv, co, lar->co);
        *dist= sqrtf(dot_v3v3(lv, lv));
        t= 1.0f/dist[0];
        mul_v3_fl(lv, t);
        
        /* area type has no quad or sphere option */
        if(lar->type==LA_AREA) {
            /* area is single sided */
            //if(dot_v3v3(lv, lar->vec) > 0.0f)
            //  visifac= 1.0f;
            //else
            //  visifac= 0.0f;
        }
        else {
            switch(lar->falloff_type)
            {
                case LA_FALLOFF_CONSTANT:
                    visifac = 1.0f;
                    break;
                case LA_FALLOFF_INVLINEAR:
                    visifac = lar->dist/(lar->dist + dist[0]);
                    break;
                case LA_FALLOFF_INVSQUARE:
                    /* NOTE: This seems to be a hack since commit r12045 says this
                     * option is similar to old Quad, but with slight changes.
                     * Correct inv square would be (which would be old Quad):
                     * visifac = lar->distkw / (lar->distkw + dist[0]*dist[0]);
                     */
                    visifac = lar->dist / (lar->dist + dist[0]*dist[0]);
                    break;
                case LA_FALLOFF_SLIDERS:
                    if(lar->ld1>0.0f)
                        visifac= lar->dist/(lar->dist+lar->ld1*dist[0]);
                    if(lar->ld2>0.0f)
                        visifac*= lar->distkw/(lar->distkw+lar->ld2*dist[0]*dist[0]);
                    break;
                case LA_FALLOFF_CURVE:
                    visifac = curvemapping_evaluateF(lar->curfalloff, 0, dist[0]/lar->dist);
                    break;
            }
            
            if(lar->mode & LA_SPHERE) {
                float t= lar->dist - dist[0];
                if(t<=0.0f) 
                    visifac= 0.0f;
                else
                    visifac*= t/lar->dist;
            }
            
            if(visifac > 0.0f) {
                if(lar->type==LA_SPOT) {
                    float inpr;
                    
                    if(lar->mode & LA_SQUARE) {
                        if(dot_v3v3(lv, lar->vec) > 0.0f) {
                            float lvrot[3], x;
                            
                            /* rotate view to lampspace */
                            copy_v3_v3(lvrot, lv);
                            mul_m3_v3(lar->imat, lvrot);
                            
                            x= MAX2(fabs(lvrot[0]/lvrot[2]) , fabs(lvrot[1]/lvrot[2]));
                            /* 1.0f/(sqrt(1+x*x)) is equivalent to cos(atan(x)) */
                            
                            inpr= 1.0f/(sqrt(1.0f+x*x));
                        }
                        else inpr= 0.0f;
                    }
                    else {
                        inpr= lv[0]*lar->vec[0]+lv[1]*lar->vec[1]+lv[2]*lar->vec[2];
                    }
                    
                    t= lar->spotsi;
                    if(inpr<=t) 
                        visifac= 0.0f;
                    else {
                        t= inpr-t;
                        if(t<lar->spotbl && lar->spotbl!=0.0f) {
                            /* soft area */
                            float i= t/lar->spotbl;
                            t= i*i;
                            inpr*= (3.0f*t-2.0f*t*i);
                        }
                        visifac*= inpr;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (visifac <= 0.001f) visifac = 0.0f;
        return visifac;
    }
}

/* function returns raw diff, spec and full shadowed diff in the 'shad' pass */
static void shade_one_light(LampRen *lar, ShadeInput *shi, ShadeResult *shr, int passflag)
{
    Material *ma= shi->mat;
    VlakRen *vlr= shi->vlr;
    float lv[3], lampdist, lacol[3], shadfac[4], lashdw[3];
    float i, is, i_noshad, inp, *vn, *view, vnor[3], phongcorr=1.0f;
    float visifac;
    
    vn= shi->vn;
    view= shi->view;
    
    
    if (lar->energy == 0.0f) return;
    /* only shadow lamps shouldn't affect shadow-less materials at all */
    if ((lar->mode & LA_ONLYSHADOW) && (!(ma->mode & MA_SHADOW) || !(R.r.mode & R_SHADOW)))
        return;
    /* optimisation, don't render fully black lamps */
    if (!(lar->mode & LA_TEXTURE) && (lar->r + lar->g + lar->b == 0.0f))
        return;
    
    /* lampdist, spot angle, area side, ... */
    visifac= lamp_get_visibility(lar, shi->co, lv, &lampdist);
    if(visifac==0.0f)
        return;
    
    if(lar->type==LA_SPOT) {
        if(lar->mode & LA_OSATEX) {
            shi->osatex= 1; /* signal for multitex() */
            
            shi->dxlv[0]= lv[0] - (shi->co[0]-lar->co[0]+shi->dxco[0])/lampdist;
            shi->dxlv[1]= lv[1] - (shi->co[1]-lar->co[1]+shi->dxco[1])/lampdist;
            shi->dxlv[2]= lv[2] - (shi->co[2]-lar->co[2]+shi->dxco[2])/lampdist;
            
            shi->dylv[0]= lv[0] - (shi->co[0]-lar->co[0]+shi->dyco[0])/lampdist;
            shi->dylv[1]= lv[1] - (shi->co[1]-lar->co[1]+shi->dyco[1])/lampdist;
            shi->dylv[2]= lv[2] - (shi->co[2]-lar->co[2]+shi->dyco[2])/lampdist;
        }
    }
    
    /* lamp color texture */
    lacol[0]= lar->r;
    lacol[1]= lar->g;
    lacol[2]= lar->b;
    
    lashdw[0]= lar->shdwr;
    lashdw[1]= lar->shdwg;
    lashdw[2]= lar->shdwb;
    
    if(lar->mode & LA_TEXTURE)  do_lamp_tex(lar, lv, shi, lacol, LA_TEXTURE);
    if(lar->mode & LA_SHAD_TEX) do_lamp_tex(lar, lv, shi, lashdw, LA_SHAD_TEX);

        /* tangent case; calculate fake face normal, aligned with lampvector */ 
        /* note, vnor==vn is used as tangent trigger for buffer shadow */
    if(vlr->flag & R_TANGENT) {
        float cross[3], nstrand[3], blend;

        if(ma->mode & MA_STR_SURFDIFF) {
            cross_v3_v3v3(cross, shi->surfnor, vn);
            cross_v3_v3v3(nstrand, vn, cross);

            blend= dot_v3v3(nstrand, shi->surfnor);
            blend= 1.0f - blend;
            CLAMP(blend, 0.0f, 1.0f);

            interp_v3_v3v3(vnor, nstrand, shi->surfnor, blend);
            normalize_v3(vnor);
        }
        else {
            cross_v3_v3v3(cross, lv, vn);
            cross_v3_v3v3(vnor, cross, vn);
            normalize_v3(vnor);
        }

        if(ma->strand_surfnor > 0.0f) {
            if(ma->strand_surfnor > shi->surfdist) {
                blend= (ma->strand_surfnor - shi->surfdist)/ma->strand_surfnor;
                interp_v3_v3v3(vnor, vnor, shi->surfnor, blend);
                normalize_v3(vnor);
            }
        }

        vnor[0]= -vnor[0];vnor[1]= -vnor[1];vnor[2]= -vnor[2];
        vn= vnor;
    }
    else if (ma->mode & MA_TANGENT_V) {
        float cross[3];
        cross_v3_v3v3(cross, lv, shi->tang);
        cross_v3_v3v3(vnor, cross, shi->tang);
        normalize_v3(vnor);
        vnor[0]= -vnor[0];vnor[1]= -vnor[1];vnor[2]= -vnor[2];
        vn= vnor;
    }
    
    /* dot product and reflectivity */
    /* inp = dotproduct, is = shader result, i = lamp energy (with shadow), i_noshad = i without shadow */
    inp= dot_v3v3(vn, lv);

    /* phong threshold to prevent backfacing faces having artefacts on ray shadow (terminator problem) */
    /* this complex construction screams for a nicer implementation! (ton) */
    if(R.r.mode & R_SHADOW) {
        if(ma->mode & MA_SHADOW) {
            if(lar->type==LA_HEMI || lar->type==LA_AREA);
            else if((ma->mode & MA_RAYBIAS) && (lar->mode & LA_SHAD_RAY) && (vlr->flag & R_SMOOTH)) {
                float thresh= shi->obr->ob->smoothresh;
                if(inp>thresh)
                    phongcorr= (inp-thresh)/(inp*(1.0f-thresh));
                else
                    phongcorr= 0.0f;
            }
            else if(ma->sbias!=0.0f && ((lar->mode & LA_SHAD_RAY) || lar->shb)) {
                if(inp>ma->sbias)
                    phongcorr= (inp-ma->sbias)/(inp*(1.0f-ma->sbias));
                else
                    phongcorr= 0.0f;
            }
        }
    }
    
    /* diffuse shaders */
    if(lar->mode & LA_NO_DIFF) {
        is= 0.0f;   // skip shaders
    }
    else if(lar->type==LA_HEMI) {
        is= 0.5f*inp + 0.5f;
    }
    else {
        
        if(lar->type==LA_AREA)
            inp= area_lamp_energy_multisample(lar, shi->co, vn);
        
        /* diffuse shaders (oren nayer gets inp from area light) */
        if(ma->diff_shader==MA_DIFF_ORENNAYAR) is= OrenNayar_Diff(inp, vn, lv, view, ma->roughness);
        else if(ma->diff_shader==MA_DIFF_TOON) is= Toon_Diff(vn, lv, view, ma->param[0], ma->param[1]);
        else if(ma->diff_shader==MA_DIFF_MINNAERT) is= Minnaert_Diff(inp, vn, view, ma->darkness);
        else if(ma->diff_shader==MA_DIFF_FRESNEL) is= Fresnel_Diff(vn, lv, view, ma->param[0], ma->param[1]);
        else is= inp;   // Lambert
    }
    
    /* 'is' is diffuse */
    if((ma->shade_flag & MA_CUBIC) && is>0.0f && is<1.0f)
        is= 3.0f*is*is - 2.0f*is*is*is; // nicer termination of shades

    i= is*phongcorr;
    
    if(i>0.0f) {
        i*= visifac*shi->refl;
    }
    i_noshad= i;
    
    vn= shi->vn;    // bring back original vector, we use special specular shaders for tangent
    if(ma->mode & MA_TANGENT_V)
        vn= shi->tang;
    
    /* init transp shadow */
    shadfac[0]= shadfac[1]= shadfac[2]= shadfac[3]= 1.0f;
    
    /* shadow and spec, (visifac==0 outside spot) */
    if(visifac> 0.0f) {
        
        if((R.r.mode & R_SHADOW)) {
            if(ma->mode & MA_SHADOW) {
                if(lar->shb || (lar->mode & LA_SHAD_RAY)) {
                    
                    if(vn==vnor)    /* tangent trigger */
                        lamp_get_shadow(lar, shi, dot_v3v3(shi->vn, lv), shadfac, shi->depth);
                    else
                        lamp_get_shadow(lar, shi, inp, shadfac, shi->depth);
                        
                    /* warning, here it skips the loop */
                    if((lar->mode & LA_ONLYSHADOW) && i>0.0f) {
                        
                        shadfac[3]= i*lar->energy*(1.0f-shadfac[3]);
                        shr->shad[0] -= shadfac[3]*shi->r*(1.0f-lashdw[0]);
                        shr->shad[1] -= shadfac[3]*shi->g*(1.0f-lashdw[1]);
                        shr->shad[2] -= shadfac[3]*shi->b*(1.0f-lashdw[2]);
                        
                        shr->spec[0] -= shadfac[3]*shi->specr*(1.0f-lashdw[0]);
                        shr->spec[1] -= shadfac[3]*shi->specg*(1.0f-lashdw[1]);
                        shr->spec[2] -= shadfac[3]*shi->specb*(1.0f-lashdw[2]);
                        
                        return;
                    }
                    
                    i*= shadfac[3];
                    shr->shad[3] = shadfac[3]; /* store this for possible check in troublesome cases */
                }
            }
        }
        
        /* in case 'no diffuse' we still do most calculus, spec can be in shadow.*/
        if(!(lar->mode & LA_NO_DIFF)) {
            if(i>0.0f) {
                if(ma->mode & MA_SHADOW_TRA)
                    add_to_diffuse(shr->shad, shi, is, i*shadfac[0]*lacol[0], i*shadfac[1]*lacol[1], i*shadfac[2]*lacol[2]);
                else
                    add_to_diffuse(shr->shad, shi, is, i*lacol[0], i*lacol[1], i*lacol[2]);
            }
            /* add light for colored shadow */
            if (i_noshad>i && !(lashdw[0]==0 && lashdw[1]==0 && lashdw[2]==0)) {
                add_to_diffuse(shr->shad, shi, is, lashdw[0]*(i_noshad-i)*lacol[0], lashdw[1]*(i_noshad-i)*lacol[1], lashdw[2]*(i_noshad-i)*lacol[2]);
            }
            if(i_noshad>0.0f) {
                if(passflag & (SCE_PASS_DIFFUSE|SCE_PASS_SHADOW)) {
                    add_to_diffuse(shr->diff, shi, is, i_noshad*lacol[0], i_noshad*lacol[1], i_noshad*lacol[2]);
                }
                else
                    copy_v3_v3(shr->diff, shr->shad);
            }
        }
        
        /* specularity */
        shadfac[3]*= phongcorr; /* note, shadfac not allowed to be stored nonlocal */
        
        if(shadfac[3]>0.0f && shi->spec!=0.0f && !(lar->mode & LA_NO_SPEC) && !(lar->mode & LA_ONLYSHADOW)) {
            
            if(!(passflag & (SCE_PASS_COMBINED|SCE_PASS_SPEC)));
            else if(lar->type==LA_HEMI) {
                float t;
                /* hemi uses no spec shaders (yet) */
                
                lv[0]+= view[0];
                lv[1]+= view[1];
                lv[2]+= view[2];
                
                normalize_v3(lv);
                
                t= vn[0]*lv[0]+vn[1]*lv[1]+vn[2]*lv[2];
                
                if(lar->type==LA_HEMI) {
                    t= 0.5f*t+0.5f;
                }
                
                t= shadfac[3]*shi->spec*spec(t, shi->har);
                
                shr->spec[0]+= t*(lacol[0] * shi->specr);
                shr->spec[1]+= t*(lacol[1] * shi->specg);
                shr->spec[2]+= t*(lacol[2] * shi->specb);
            }
            else {
                /* specular shaders */
                float specfac, t;
                
                if(ma->spec_shader==MA_SPEC_PHONG) 
                    specfac= Phong_Spec(vn, lv, view, shi->har, (vlr->flag & R_TANGENT) || (ma->mode & MA_TANGENT_V));
                else if(ma->spec_shader==MA_SPEC_COOKTORR) 
                    specfac= CookTorr_Spec(vn, lv, view, shi->har, (vlr->flag & R_TANGENT) || (ma->mode & MA_TANGENT_V));
                else if(ma->spec_shader==MA_SPEC_BLINN) 
                    specfac= Blinn_Spec(vn, lv, view, ma->refrac, (float)shi->har, (vlr->flag & R_TANGENT) || (ma->mode & MA_TANGENT_V));
                else if(ma->spec_shader==MA_SPEC_WARDISO)
                    specfac= WardIso_Spec( vn, lv, view, ma->rms, (vlr->flag & R_TANGENT) || (ma->mode & MA_TANGENT_V));
                else 
                    specfac= Toon_Spec(vn, lv, view, ma->param[2], ma->param[3], (vlr->flag & R_TANGENT) || (ma->mode & MA_TANGENT_V));
                
                /* area lamp correction */
                if(lar->type==LA_AREA) specfac*= inp;
                
                t= shadfac[3]*shi->spec*visifac*specfac;
                
                if(ma->mode & MA_RAMP_SPEC) {
                    float spec[3];
                    do_specular_ramp(shi, specfac, t, spec);
                    shr->spec[0]+= t*(lacol[0] * spec[0]);
                    shr->spec[1]+= t*(lacol[1] * spec[1]);
                    shr->spec[2]+= t*(lacol[2] * spec[2]);
                }
                else {
                    shr->spec[0]+= t*(lacol[0] * shi->specr);
                    shr->spec[1]+= t*(lacol[1] * shi->specg);
                    shr->spec[2]+= t*(lacol[2] * shi->specb);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static void shade_lamp_loop_only_shadow(ShadeInput *shi, ShadeResult *shr)
{
    
    if(R.r.mode & R_SHADOW) {
        ListBase *lights;
        LampRen *lar;
        GroupObject *go;
        float inpr, lv[3];
        float /* *view, */ shadfac[4];
        float ir, accum, visifac, lampdist;
        float shaded = 0.0f, lightness = 0.0f;
        

        /* view= shi->view; */ /* UNUSED */
        accum= ir= 0.0f;
        
        lights= get_lights(shi);
        for(go=lights->first; go; go= go->next) {
            lar= go->lampren;
            if(lar==NULL) continue;
            
            /* yafray: ignore shading by photonlights, not used in Blender */
            if (lar->type==LA_YF_PHOTON) continue;
            
            if(lar->mode & LA_LAYER) if((lar->lay & shi->obi->lay)==0) continue;
            if((lar->lay & shi->lay)==0) continue;
            
            if(lar->shb || (lar->mode & LA_SHAD_RAY)) {
                visifac= lamp_get_visibility(lar, shi->co, lv, &lampdist);
                ir+= 1.0f;

                if(visifac <= 0.0f) {
                    if (shi->mat->shadowonly_flag == MA_SO_OLD)
                        accum+= 1.0f;

                    continue;
                }
                inpr= dot_v3v3(shi->vn, lv);
                if(inpr <= 0.0f) {
                    if (shi->mat->shadowonly_flag == MA_SO_OLD)
                        accum+= 1.0f;

                    continue;
                }

                lamp_get_shadow(lar, shi, inpr, shadfac, shi->depth);

                if (shi->mat->shadowonly_flag == MA_SO_OLD) {
                    /* Old "Shadows Only" */
                    accum+= (1.0f-visifac) + (visifac)*rgb_to_grayscale(shadfac)*shadfac[3];
                }
                else {
                    shaded += rgb_to_grayscale(shadfac)*shadfac[3] * visifac * lar->energy;

                    if (shi->mat->shadowonly_flag == MA_SO_SHADOW) {
                        lightness += visifac * lar->energy;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /* Apply shadows as alpha */
        if(ir>0.0f) {
            if (shi->mat->shadowonly_flag == MA_SO_OLD) {
                accum = 1.0f - accum/ir;
            }
            else {
                if (shi->mat->shadowonly_flag == MA_SO_SHADOW) {
                    if (lightness > 0.0f) {
                        /* Get shadow value from between 0.0f and non-shadowed lightness */
                        accum = (lightness - shaded) / (lightness);
                    }
                    else {
                        accum = 0.0f;
                    }
                }
                else { /* shadowonly_flag == MA_SO_SHADED */
                    /* Use shaded value */
                    accum = 1.0f - shaded;
            }}

            shr->alpha= (shi->alpha)*(accum);
            if (shr->alpha<0.0f) shr->alpha=0.0f;
        }
        else {
            /* If "fully shaded", use full alpha even on areas that have no lights */
            if (shi->mat->shadowonly_flag == MA_SO_SHADED) shr->alpha=shi->alpha;
            else shr->alpha= 0.f;
        }
    }
    
    /* quite disputable this...  also note it doesn't mirror-raytrace */    
    if((R.wrld.mode & (WO_AMB_OCC|WO_ENV_LIGHT)) && shi->amb!=0.0f) {
        float f;
        
        if(R.wrld.mode & WO_AMB_OCC) {
            f= R.wrld.aoenergy*shi->amb;
            
            if(R.wrld.aomix==WO_AOADD) {
                if (shi->mat->shadowonly_flag == MA_SO_OLD) {
                    f= f*(1.0f - rgb_to_grayscale(shi->ao));
                    shr->alpha= (shr->alpha + f)*f;
                }
                else {
                    shr->alpha -= f*rgb_to_grayscale(shi->ao);
                    if (shr->alpha<0.0f) shr->alpha=0.0f;
                }
            }
            else /* AO Multiply */
                shr->alpha= (1.0f - f)*shr->alpha + f*(1.0f - (1.0f - shr->alpha)*rgb_to_grayscale(shi->ao));
        }

        if(R.wrld.mode & WO_ENV_LIGHT) {
            if (shi->mat->shadowonly_flag == MA_SO_OLD) {
                f= R.wrld.ao_env_energy*shi->amb*(1.0f - rgb_to_grayscale(shi->env));
                shr->alpha= (shr->alpha + f)*f;
            }
            else {
                f= R.wrld.ao_env_energy*shi->amb;
                shr->alpha -= f*rgb_to_grayscale(shi->env);
                if (shr->alpha<0.0f) shr->alpha=0.0f;
            }
        }
    }
}

/* let's map negative light as if it mirrors positive light, otherwise negative values disappear */
static void wrld_exposure_correct(float diff[3])
{
    
    diff[0]= R.wrld.linfac*(1.0f-expf( diff[0]*R.wrld.logfac) );
    diff[1]= R.wrld.linfac*(1.0f-expf( diff[1]*R.wrld.logfac) );
    diff[2]= R.wrld.linfac*(1.0f-expf( diff[2]*R.wrld.logfac) );
}

void shade_lamp_loop(ShadeInput *shi, ShadeResult *shr)
{
    Material *ma= shi->mat;
    int passflag= shi->passflag;
    
    memset(shr, 0, sizeof(ShadeResult));
    
    if(!(shi->mode & MA_TRANSP)) shi->alpha = 1.0f;
    
    /* separate loop */
    if(ma->mode & MA_ONLYSHADOW) {
        shade_lamp_loop_only_shadow(shi, shr);
        return;
    }
    
    /* envmap hack, always reset */
    shi->refcol[0]= shi->refcol[1]= shi->refcol[2]= shi->refcol[3]= 0.0f;
    
    /* material color itself */
    if(passflag & (SCE_PASS_COMBINED|SCE_PASS_RGBA)) {
        if(ma->mode & (MA_FACETEXTURE)) {
            shi->r= shi->vcol[0];
            shi->g= shi->vcol[1];
            shi->b= shi->vcol[2];
            if(ma->mode & (MA_FACETEXTURE_ALPHA))
                shi->alpha= shi->vcol[3];
        }
        else if(ma->mode & (MA_VERTEXCOLP)) {
            float neg_alpha = 1.0f - shi->vcol[3];
            shi->r= shi->r*neg_alpha + shi->vcol[0]*shi->vcol[3];
            shi->g= shi->g*neg_alpha + shi->vcol[1]*shi->vcol[3];
            shi->b= shi->b*neg_alpha + shi->vcol[2]*shi->vcol[3];
        }
        if(ma->texco){
            do_material_tex(shi, &R);
            if (!(shi->mode & MA_TRANSP)) shi->alpha = 1.0f;
        }
        
        shr->col[0]= shi->r*shi->alpha;
        shr->col[1]= shi->g*shi->alpha;
        shr->col[2]= shi->b*shi->alpha;
        shr->col[3]= shi->alpha;

        if((ma->sss_flag & MA_DIFF_SSS) && !sss_pass_done(&R, ma)) {
            if(ma->sss_texfac == 0.0f) {
                shi->r= shi->g= shi->b= shi->alpha= 1.0f;
                shr->col[0]= shr->col[1]= shr->col[2]= shr->col[3]= 1.0f;
            }
            else {
                shi->r= pow(shi->r, ma->sss_texfac);
                shi->g= pow(shi->g, ma->sss_texfac);
                shi->b= pow(shi->b, ma->sss_texfac);
                shi->alpha= pow(shi->alpha, ma->sss_texfac);
                
                shr->col[0]= pow(shr->col[0], ma->sss_texfac);
                shr->col[1]= pow(shr->col[1], ma->sss_texfac);
                shr->col[2]= pow(shr->col[2], ma->sss_texfac);
                shr->col[3]= pow(shr->col[3], ma->sss_texfac);
            }
        }
    }
    
    if(ma->mode & MA_SHLESS) {
        shr->combined[0]= shi->r;
        shr->combined[1]= shi->g;
        shr->combined[2]= shi->b;
        shr->alpha= shi->alpha;
        return;
    }

    if( (ma->mode & (MA_VERTEXCOL|MA_VERTEXCOLP))== MA_VERTEXCOL ) {    // vertexcolor light
        shr->emit[0]= shi->r*(shi->emit+shi->vcol[0]*shi->vcol[3]);
        shr->emit[1]= shi->g*(shi->emit+shi->vcol[1]*shi->vcol[3]);
        shr->emit[2]= shi->b*(shi->emit+shi->vcol[2]*shi->vcol[3]);
    }
    else {
        shr->emit[0]= shi->r*shi->emit;
        shr->emit[1]= shi->g*shi->emit;
        shr->emit[2]= shi->b*shi->emit;
    }
    
    /* AO pass */
    if(R.wrld.mode & (WO_AMB_OCC|WO_ENV_LIGHT|WO_INDIRECT_LIGHT)) {
        if(((passflag & SCE_PASS_COMBINED) && (shi->combinedflag & (SCE_PASS_AO|SCE_PASS_ENVIRONMENT|SCE_PASS_INDIRECT)))
            || (passflag & (SCE_PASS_AO|SCE_PASS_ENVIRONMENT|SCE_PASS_INDIRECT))) {
            if(R.r.mode & R_SHADOW) {
                /* AO was calculated for scanline already */
                if(shi->depth || shi->volume_depth)
                    ambient_occlusion(shi);
                copy_v3_v3(shr->ao, shi->ao);
                copy_v3_v3(shr->env, shi->env); // XXX multiply
                copy_v3_v3(shr->indirect, shi->indirect); // XXX multiply
            }
        }
    }
    
    /* lighting pass */
    if(passflag & (SCE_PASS_COMBINED|SCE_PASS_DIFFUSE|SCE_PASS_SPEC|SCE_PASS_SHADOW)) {
        GroupObject *go;
        ListBase *lights;
        LampRen *lar;
        
        lights= get_lights(shi);
        for(go=lights->first; go; go= go->next) {
            lar= go->lampren;
            if(lar==NULL) continue;
            
            /* yafray: ignore shading by photonlights, not used in Blender */
            if (lar->type==LA_YF_PHOTON) continue;
            
            /* test for lamp layer */
            if(lar->mode & LA_LAYER) if((lar->lay & shi->obi->lay)==0) continue;
            if((lar->lay & shi->lay)==0) continue;
            
            /* accumulates in shr->diff and shr->spec and shr->shad (diffuse with shadow!) */
            shade_one_light(lar, shi, shr, passflag);
        }

        /*this check is to prevent only shadow lamps from producing negative
          colors.*/
        if (shr->spec[0] < 0) shr->spec[0] = 0;
        if (shr->spec[1] < 0) shr->spec[1] = 0;
        if (shr->spec[2] < 0) shr->spec[2] = 0;

        if (shr->shad[0] < 0) shr->shad[0] = 0;
        if (shr->shad[1] < 0) shr->shad[1] = 0;
        if (shr->shad[2] < 0) shr->shad[2] = 0;
                        
        if(ma->sss_flag & MA_DIFF_SSS) {
            float sss[3], col[3], invalpha, texfac= ma->sss_texfac;

            /* this will return false in the preprocess stage */
            if(sample_sss(&R, ma, shi->co, sss)) {
                invalpha= (shr->col[3] > FLT_EPSILON)? 1.0f/shr->col[3]: 1.0f;

                if(texfac==0.0f) {
                    copy_v3_v3(col, shr->col);
                    mul_v3_fl(col, invalpha);
                }
                else if(texfac==1.0f) {
                    col[0]= col[1]= col[2]= 1.0f;
                    mul_v3_fl(col, invalpha);
                }
                else {
                    copy_v3_v3(col, shr->col);
                    mul_v3_fl(col, invalpha);
                    col[0]= pow(col[0], 1.0f-texfac);
                    col[1]= pow(col[1], 1.0f-texfac);
                    col[2]= pow(col[2], 1.0f-texfac);
                }

                shr->diff[0]= sss[0]*col[0];
                shr->diff[1]= sss[1]*col[1];
                shr->diff[2]= sss[2]*col[2];

                if(shi->combinedflag & SCE_PASS_SHADOW) {
                    shr->shad[0]= shr->diff[0];
                    shr->shad[1]= shr->diff[1];
                    shr->shad[2]= shr->diff[2];
                }
            }
        }
        
        if(shi->combinedflag & SCE_PASS_SHADOW) 
            copy_v3_v3(shr->combined, shr->shad);   /* note, no ';' ! */
        else
            copy_v3_v3(shr->combined, shr->diff);
            
        /* calculate shadow pass, we use a multiplication mask */
        /* if diff = 0,0,0 it doesn't matter what the shadow pass is, so leave it as is */
        if(passflag & SCE_PASS_SHADOW && !(shr->diff[0]==0.0f && shr->diff[1]==0.0f && shr->diff[2]==0.0f)) {
            if(shr->diff[0]!=0.0f) shr->shad[0]= shr->shad[0]/shr->diff[0];
            /* can't determine proper shadow from shad/diff (0/0), so use shadow intensity */
            else if(shr->shad[0]==0.0f) shr->shad[0]= shr->shad[3];

            if(shr->diff[1]!=0.0f) shr->shad[1]= shr->shad[1]/shr->diff[1];
            else if(shr->shad[1]==0.0f) shr->shad[1]= shr->shad[3];

            if(shr->diff[2]!=0.0f) shr->shad[2]= shr->shad[2]/shr->diff[2];
            else if(shr->shad[2]==0.0f) shr->shad[2]= shr->shad[3];
        }
        
        /* exposure correction */
        if((R.wrld.exp!=0.0f || R.wrld.range!=1.0f) && !R.sss_points) {
            wrld_exposure_correct(shr->combined);   /* has no spec! */
            wrld_exposure_correct(shr->spec);
        }
    }
    
    /* alpha in end, spec can influence it */
    if(passflag & (SCE_PASS_COMBINED)) {
        if((ma->fresnel_tra!=0.0f) && (shi->mode & MA_TRANSP))
            shi->alpha*= fresnel_fac(shi->view, shi->vn, ma->fresnel_tra_i, ma->fresnel_tra);
            
        /* note: shi->mode! */
        if(shi->mode & MA_TRANSP && (shi->mode & (MA_ZTRANSP|MA_RAYTRANSP))) {
            if(shi->spectra!=0.0f) {
                float t = MAX3(shr->spec[0], shr->spec[1], shr->spec[2]);
                t *= shi->spectra;
                if(t>1.0f) t= 1.0f;
                shi->alpha= (1.0f-t)*shi->alpha+t;
            }
        }
    }
    shr->alpha= shi->alpha;
    
    /* from now stuff everything in shr->combined: ambient, AO, radio, ramps, exposure */
    if(!(ma->sss_flag & MA_DIFF_SSS) || !sss_pass_done(&R, ma)) {
        if(R.r.mode & R_SHADOW) {
            /* add AO in combined? */
            if(R.wrld.mode & WO_AMB_OCC)
                if(shi->combinedflag & SCE_PASS_AO)
                    ambient_occlusion_apply(shi, shr);

            if(R.wrld.mode & WO_ENV_LIGHT)
                if(shi->combinedflag & SCE_PASS_ENVIRONMENT)
                    environment_lighting_apply(shi, shr);

            if(R.wrld.mode & WO_INDIRECT_LIGHT)
                if(shi->combinedflag & SCE_PASS_INDIRECT)
                    indirect_lighting_apply(shi, shr);
        }
        
        shr->combined[0]+= shi->ambr;
        shr->combined[1]+= shi->ambg;
        shr->combined[2]+= shi->ambb;
        
        if(ma->mode & MA_RAMP_COL) ramp_diffuse_result(shr->combined, shi);
    }

    if(ma->mode & MA_RAMP_SPEC) ramp_spec_result(shr->spec, shi);
    
    /* refcol is for envmap only */
    if(shi->refcol[0]!=0.0f) {
        float result[3];
        
        result[0]= shi->mirr*shi->refcol[1] + (1.0f - shi->mirr*shi->refcol[0])*shr->combined[0];
        result[1]= shi->mirg*shi->refcol[2] + (1.0f - shi->mirg*shi->refcol[0])*shr->combined[1];
        result[2]= shi->mirb*shi->refcol[3] + (1.0f - shi->mirb*shi->refcol[0])*shr->combined[2];
        
        if(passflag & SCE_PASS_REFLECT)
            sub_v3_v3v3(shr->refl, result, shr->combined);
        
        if(shi->combinedflag & SCE_PASS_REFLECT)
            copy_v3_v3(shr->combined, result);
            
    }
    
    /* and add emit and spec */
    if(shi->combinedflag & SCE_PASS_EMIT)
        add_v3_v3(shr->combined, shr->emit);
    if(shi->combinedflag & SCE_PASS_SPEC)
        add_v3_v3(shr->combined, shr->spec);
    
    /* modulate by the object color */
    if((ma->shade_flag & MA_OBCOLOR) && shi->obr->ob) {
        if(!(ma->sss_flag & MA_DIFF_SSS) || !sss_pass_done(&R, ma)) {
            float obcol[4];

            copy_v4_v4(obcol, shi->obr->ob->col);
            CLAMP(obcol[3], 0.0f, 1.0f);

            shr->combined[0] *= obcol[0];
            shr->combined[1] *= obcol[1];
            shr->combined[2] *= obcol[2];
            if (shi->mode & MA_TRANSP) shr->alpha *= obcol[3];
        }
    }

    shr->combined[3]= shr->alpha;
}